Computer Aided Design Construction

Computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided styling (CAS), 3D modeling or whatever term you prefer, is traditionally the end result that industrial design or product development ultimately delivers. This includes various phases, from the initial idea to the final product realization.


In my 20 years of experience in the design and automotive industries, I've found that the most effective way to use these tools is to incorporate them early in the ideation phase. Using them as a design aid, similar to sketching in software like Photoshop or Vizcom, allows for quick exploration of shapes and proportions, as well as early identification of potential functional or production issues. These early 3D models serve as a basis for rapid image creation to speed ideation and facilitate communication.


Further along the process, CAD software is used for detailed design, taking into account the initial mass production requirements. Considerations such as draft angles, minimum radii and legal requirements - for example pedestrian protection or the driver's viewing angle - are integrated into the design. In addition, aspects such as assembly, tolerances and heat build-up, such as that encountered in headlights, are carefully considered to ensure optimal fit and function of the final product.


The result of this process is the modelling of the final surfaces of the Class "A" surfaces. These surfaces must meet strict composition, legality and manufacturability requirements while achieving the highest levels of design and surface quality. Collaboration with suppliers is critical at this stage to ensure a seamless integration of design intent and manufacturing capabilities.


An important strategy, as mentioned above, is to start early in the design process, possibly with polygon modeling, which allows for quick and easy changes. We use as few control points as possible and as few as necessary to keep the surface structure simple, which allows for more control and quick and easy changes. This approach to polygon modeling not only facilitates control and quick veining of the shapes, but also the later transition to NURBS modeling, following the principle of "fewer CVs is more". This includes careful construction of the main surfaces at the beginning of the NURBS modeling.


In our Nerbs workflow, we use a point-on-point construction method for our models. This ensures seamless continuity between adjacent surfaces and ensures consistent behavior along edges and clean transitions at radii. In addition, this approach facilitates continuous detailing, especially when collaborating with colleagues who continue to work with these surfaces.

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    Polygon box modesl  as few values ​​as possible, as many as necessary. Keeps faces and edges simple for better control.

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    Polygon model  as few values ​​as possible, as many as necessary. Keeps faces and edges simple for better control.

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    Nerbs theory model: As few CVs as possible and as many as necessary to ensure a simple and easy to control surface layout.

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    Nerbs theory model concentration on clean surfaces and edges

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    Nurbs surface layout as few surfaces as possible as many as necessary to keep a clear, easy to control structure

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    Nurbs surface complete model with radii still as few CVs as possible as many wires necessary

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    Nurbs surface 

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Nerbs modeling

Similarly, the emphasis in NURBS modeling is on using the minimum number of control vertices (CVs) and surfaces required to ensure simplicity, cleanliness, and ease of modification. Surfaces are constructed over carefully defined edges, similar to the principles observed in model building or hand drawing. Careful construction of edges lays the foundation for subsequent surface design, ensuring smooth transitions and precise radius alignment. Considerations such as manufacturing constraints, legal requirements, and assembly aspects are systematically taken into account throughout the development process. Control points are strategically placed on surfaces adjacent to the control points to ensure seamless transitions and precise radius alignment.

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    Draft angle, ensuring that all surfaces are designed at an angle that can be unformed in production to ensure that the tool and part are feasible.

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    Minimum radii ensure that all radii are larger than the minimum producible radius to ensure that the parts are feasible and meet the legal requirements for pedestrian protection in the event of an accident.

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    While constructing legal requirements and production requirements inside the part, still considering the highest surface quality possible.

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Class A Modeling

Tools such as Curvitcher and Enformugs shaders, surface offsets and dimensions are used to ensure compliance with minimum draft radii, clearances and other regulatory standards. Continuous review and refinement ensure that all requirements are carefully met, resulting in a final design that meets both engineering and design criteria and indicates readiness for tool production.

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